Poland Telecoms Market Report

Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband - Statistics and Analyses

Publication Date: April 2024

Report Pages: 267

Analyst: Henry Lancaster

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Summary
Table Of Contents

Polish MNOs step up closure of 3G networks

Poland’s liberalised telecom market has seen considerable development in the broadband and mobile sectors. The incumbent telco, Orange Poland, dominates the broadband market and has invested in fibre infrastructure to support the growing adoption of bundled services among customers.

The regulatory environment has encouraged market competition, partly by enabling operators to secure spectrum and also by ensuring access to cable and fibre infrastructure. Government policies such as the POPC, which aims to improve broadband connectivity in underserved rural areas of the country, have made a considerable impact, as have a range of wholesale access agreements made between telcos themselves.

The mobile market in recent years has been characterised by the rapid extension of LTE and 5G networks, and the development of mobile data services based on newly released and re-farmed spectrum. The regulator’s attempts to auction spectrum in a range of bands has been delayed, with spectrum in the 5G-suitable 3.4-3.8GHz range having been put back to later in 2023 as a result of the Covid-19 outbreak and changes to legislation.

Mobile penetration in Poland is above the European average, though this partly reflects the continuing popularity among consumers to keep two or more SIM cards, which has distorted the real mobile penetration rate. Nevertheless, the distortion has been addressed on two fronts: by network operators being encouraged to disconnect dormant SIM cards, and by legislation which obliges subscribers of prepaid services to register their details. These conditions have resulted in a significant readjustment in the number of subscribers in the market.

The market has effective competition from four MNOs, and has room for many MVNOs, a good number of which are small operators with marginal market share. ARPU has been adversely affected by retail tariff competition and by regulatory mandated reductions in mobile termination rates and roaming tariffs. Roaming revenue was deeply affected by the decline in international travel in 2020, though with the lifting of restrictions there was a rapid recovery in the sector.

The fixed broadband market has benefited from excellent cross-platform competition, with comprehensive DSL infrastructure complemented by extensive cable networks and a growing fibre presence. Commercial considerations meant that fibre was for some years restricted to a number of urban areas, though more recently the sector has received considerable financial support from the government and the European Union. This support is aimed at building fibre-based networks across the country (particularly in eastern areas) and promoting fibre connectivity to end-users. As a result, the proportion of broadband subscribers receiving a service of at least 100Mb/s has increased sharply in recent years.

This report covers key aspects of Poland’s developing telecom market, presenting data and analyses on market operators, fixed-line networks and technologies, and the key regulatory developments. The report reviews the fixed broadband market, including an assessment of technology platforms and recent market developments. In addition, the report profiles the main mobile network operators, and analyses recent regulatory measures and spectrum auction results, and evaluates LTE deployments and operator strategies for 5G.

Key developments:

Telecom regulator planning to amend spectrum holdings in the 900MHz band to provide four contiguous blocks for concession holders.
Orange Poland aiming to shut down 3G network progressively from late 2023 to 2025, launches a 2Gb/s service covering 2.7 million premises.
Regulator consults on the award of 3.4-3.8GHz spectrum for 5G, expected later in 2023.
Play secures a PLN5.8 billion loan, contacts Nokia and Huawei to build its GPON network to cover an additional two million premises with GPON.
T-Mobile Poland shuts down its 3G network.
Iliad Group aiming to phase out UPC Poland brand.
Report update includes the regulator’s market data report for 2021, State Statistics data updates for 2021, telcos’ operating and financial data to Q1 2023, updated Telecom maturity Index charts and analyses, recent market developments.

Companies mentioned in this report:

CenterNet, Polkomtel (Plus), T-Mobile Poland, P4/Play, Mobyland, UPC Poland, Orange Poland (Telekomunikacja Polska), Netia, Aster, Multimedia Polska, Vectra, Telefonia Dialog, GTS Energis, Exatel, Telekomunikacja Kolejowa.

Key statistics
Regional Europe Market Comparison

Market characteristics
Market Leaders
Market Challengers
Market Emergents
TMI versus GDP
Mobile and mobile broadband penetration
Fixed versus mobile broadband penetration

Country overview
Telecommunications market

Market analysis

Regulatory environment

Historic overview
Telecommunications Act (2001)
Telecommunications Act (2004)
Mega-Act
Regulatory authority
Fixed-line developments

Telecom sector liberalisation
Privatisation
Interconnection
Carrier selection and carrier preselection
Access
Number Portability (NP)
European Electronic Communications Code

Mobile network developments

GSM licences
3G licences
450MHz
800MHz and 2600MHz
900MHz
1800MHz
2100MHz
3.4-3.8GHz
3600MHz
Mobile Number Portability (MNP)
Mobile Termination Rate (MTR)
Roaming
Network sharing

Mobile market

Mobile statistics

Prepaid cards

Mobile infrastructure

5G
4G (LTE)
3G

Other infrastructure developments

NB-IoT

Mobile voice
Mobile data

SMS/MMS

Mobile broadband
Major mobile operators

Orange Poland (PTK Centertel)
Polkomtel/Plus
T-Mobile Poland
P4/Play
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Mobile content and applications

M-payment

Fixed-line broadband market

Introduction and statistical overview

Government and EU support
National Broadband Plan
Broadband statistics

Hybrid Fibre Coax (HFC) networks
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) networks
Fibre-to-the-Premises (FttP)
Other fixed broadband services

Wi-Fi
WiMAX
Internet via satellite

Fixed network operators

Introduction
Orange Poland
Netia
Telefonia Dialog
Telekomunikacja Kolejowa (TK Telekom)
T-Mobile Poland
Exatel

Telecommunications infrastructure

Overview of the national telecom network
Orange Poland
Alternative operators
Smart infrastructure

Smart cities

Data centres

Appendix – Historic data
Glossary of abbreviations
Related reports

List of Tables

Table 1 – Top Level Country Statistics and Telco Authorities - Poland – 2023 (e)
Table 2 – Development of telecom sector revenue by sector – 2011 – 2021
Table 3 – Development of telecom and access revenue – 2011 – 2021
Table 4 – Proportion of households with PCs and internet access – 2012 – 2023
Table 5 – Orange Poland wholesale access lines by type – 2009 – 2022
Table 6 – Change in the number of bitstream and LLU broadband lines – 2018 – 2021
Table 7 – Development of bitstream and LLU revenue (PLN million) – 2018 – 2021
Table 8 – Change in the number of fixed number portings – 2010 – 2023
Table 9 – Change in the number of mobile number portings – 2012 – 2023
Table 10 – Roaming traffic (voice, SMS, data) – 2011 – 2021
Table 11 – Mobile market revenue and annual change– 2009 – 2021
Table 12 – Growth in the number of mobile subscribers and penetration – 2012 – 2027
Table 13 – Change in the market share of mobile subscribers by operator – 2009 – 2021
Table 14 – Mobile market share of revenue by operator – 2009 – 2021
Table 15 – Mobile market voice traffic and annual change – 2011 – 2021
Table 16 – Change in mobile ARPU – 2017 – 2021
Table 17 – Change in the number of prepaid and contract subscribers – 2015 – 2021
Table 18 – Change in the ratio of prepaid to postpaid subscribers – 2009 – 2021
Table 19 – Change in the market share of prepaid subscribers by operator – 2018 – 2021
Table 20 – Change in the number of Orange Poland’s prepaid subscribers – 2009 – 2022
Table 21 – Change in the number of T-Mobile Poland’s prepaid subscribers – 2009 – 2020
Table 22 – Mobile base stations in service – 2015 – 2019
Table 23 – M2M SIM cards in use – 2013 – 2021
Table 24 – Orange Poland’s M2M cards in use – 2016 – 2023
Table 25 – Average mobile data traffic per subscriber – 2011 – 2021
Table 26 – Mobile data traffic – 2011 – 2021
Table 27 – SMS messages sent and annual growth – 2011 – 2021
Table 28 – MMS messages sent and annual growth – 2011 – 2021
Table 29 – Mobile broadband market share of subscribers by operator – 2011 – 2021
Table 30 – Dedicated mobile broadband subscribers and penetration rate – 2011 – 2021
Table 31 – Estimated change in the proportion of mobile broadband users by LTE/5G platforms – 2022 – 2026
Table 32 – Growth in the number of active mobile broadband subscribers and penetration rate – 2012 – 2027
Table 33 – Change in mobile internet revenue and ARPU – 2017 – 2021
Table 34 – Development of Orange Poland’s mobile revenue – 2011 – 2023
Table 35 – Orange Poland’s mobile and dedicated mobile broadband subscribers (thousand) – 2011 – 2023
Table 36 – Orange Poland’s monthly ARPU/ARPO (PLN / month) – 2010 – 2023
Table 37 – Change in the number of Polkomtel’s mobile subscribers (million) – 2009 – 2010; 2012 – 2021
Table 38 – Change in the number of Polkomtel’s mobile subscribers (new format, million) – 2018 – 2022
Table 39 – Change in the number of T-Mobile Poland’s mobile subscribers (million) – 2011 – 2023
Table 40 – Development of T-Mobile Poland’s financial data (€ million) – 2011 – 2023
Table 41 – Development of T-Mobile Poland’s mobile ARPU and churn – 2009 – 2020
Table 42 – Development of T-Mobile Poland’s financial data (PLN million) – 2020 – 2023
Table 43 – Growth in the number of Play’s mobile subscribers (million) – 2011 – 2020
Table 44 – Increase in the number of Play’s mobile subscribers (under Iliad, million) – 2019 – 2022
Table 45 – Development of Play’s financial data (PLN million) – 2010 – 2020
Table 46 – Development of Play’s financial data (€ million) – 2019 – 2022
Table 47 – Development of Play’s mobile ARPU (PLN / month) – 2010 – 2020
Table 48 – Development of Play’s mobile ARPU (PLN / month, under Iliad) – 2019 – 2022
Table 49 – Change in the number of Netia’s mobile RGUs by type (thousand) – 2010 – 2020
Table 50 – Change in internet ARPU – 2014 – 2021
Table 51 – Change in broadband market revenue by sector (PLN billion) – 2010 – 2021
Table 52 – Change in the proportion of broadband market revenue by sector – 2010 – 2019
Table 53 – Change in the proportion of fixed broadband market revenue by sector – 2019 – 2021
Table 54 – Change in broadband penetration by technology – 2009 – 2022
Table 55 – Change in the market share of broadband subscribers by technology – 2013 – 2019
Table 56 – Change in the market share of fixed broadband subscribers by technology – 2019 – 2021
Table 57 – Change in the market share of fixed/mobile internet connections by operator – 2016 – 2019
Table 58 – Change in the market share of fixed internet connections by operator – 2018 – 2021
Table 59 – Change in the proportion of broadband connections by data rate – 2010 – 2021
Table 60 – Growth in the number of fixed broadband subscribers and penetration – 2012 – 2027
Table 61 – Change in the number of UPC Poland’s subscribers (thousand) – 2011 – 2021
Table 62 – Growth in UPC Poland’s revenue – 2016 – 2020
Table 63 – Change in the number of cable broadband subscribers – 2009 – 2021
Table 64 – Change in the market share of cable broadband subscribers by operator – 2010 – 2021
Table 65 – Multimedia Polska broadband subscribers – 2009 – 2017
Table 66 – Multimedia Polska revenue (PLN million) by service – 2016 – 2017
Table 67 – Multimedia Polska financial data (PLN million) – 2016 – 2017
Table 68 – Change in the number of DSL broadband subscribers – 2009 – 2021
Table 69 – Growth in the number of Orange Poland’s fixed broadband subscribers – 2010– 2023
Table 70 – Development of Orange Poland’s fixed broadband ARPU/ARPO – 2011 – 2022
Table 71 – Change in the number of Netia’s broadband subscribers – 2011 – 2020
Table 72 – Change in the market share of DSL subscribers by operator – 2010 – 2021
Table 73 – Change in the number of T-Mobile Poland’s broadband subscribers – 2016 – 2023
Table 74 – Increase in fibre broadband revenue – 2015 – 2021
Table 75 – Growth in the number of fibre broadband subscribers – 2009 – 2021
Table 76 – Change in the market share of fibre broadband subscribers by operator – 2015 – 2021
Table 77 – Growth in the number of Orange Poland’s fibre subscribers – 2015 – 2023
Table 78 – Length of fibre network – 2013 – 2021
Table 79 – Satellite broadband subscribers – 2011 – 2018
Table 80 – Increase in the number of Play’s fixed-line subscribers – 2020 – 2022
Table 81 – Market share of fixed-line subscribers by main operator – 2010 – 2021
Table 82 – Market share of fixed-line subscribers, Orange and altnets – 2011 – 2021
Table 83 – Fixed-line call traffic – 2011 – 2020
Table 84 – Market share of fixed-line accesses by technology – 2012 – 2021
Table 85 – Decline in fixed-line telephony ARPU – 2009 – 2021
Table 86 – Orange Poland retail lines by type (thousand) – 2011 – 2023
Table 87 – Orange Poland fixed-line voice ARPU/ARPO – 2009 – 2023
Table 88 – Development of Orange Poland’s financial data (PLN million) – 2009 – 2023
Table 89 – Development of Orange Poland’s financial data by sector (PLN million) – 2017 – 2023
Table 90 – Development of Orange Poland’s revenue by sector (€ million) – 2010 – 2023
Table 91 – Development of Netia’s financial data (PLN million) – 2011 – 2021
Table 92 – Change in the number of Netia’s subscribers by type (million) – 2011 – 2020
Table 93 – T-Mobile Poland’s fixed-line revenue – 2014 – 2020
Table 94 – T-Mobile Poland’s fixed-line subscribers – 2016 – 2023
Table 95 – Development of T-Mobile Poland’s financial data (PLN million) – 2018 – 2020
Table 96 – increase in the length of fibre networks – 2015 – 2021
Table 97 – Fibre access nodes in service – 2013 – 2021
Table 98 – Change in the average revenue from fixed-line services – 2016 – 2021
Table 99 – Increase in the number of VoIP lines, ARPU, and traffic – 2017 – 2021
Table 100 – Decline in the number of fixed lines in service and teledensity – 2012 – 2027
Table 101 – Development of fixed-line call traffic – 2010 – 2021
Table 102 – International bandwidth – 2009 – 2017
Table 103 – Proportion of fixed-line revenue by type – 2011 – 2017
Table 104 – Smart infrastructure funding by program – 2014 – 2020
Table 105 – Historic - Mobile subscribers and penetration – 2009 – 2010
Table 106 – Historic - Active mobile broadband subscribers and penetration rate – 2009 – 2010
Table 107 – Historic - Telecom and access revenue – 2008 – 2010
Table 108 – Historic - Mobile market traffic and annual change – 2006 – 2010
Table 109 – Historic - Fixed lines in service and teledensity – 2009 – 2010
Table 110 – Historic - Fixed-wireless broadband subscribers – 2016 – 2018
Table 111 – Historic - Mobile data traffic – 2008 – 2010
Table 112 – Historic - SMS messages sent and annual growth – 2006 – 2010
Table 113 – Historic - MMS messages sent and annual growth– 2006 – 2010
Table 114 – Historic - Mobile broadband market share of subscribers by operator – 2008 – 2010
Table 115 – Historic - Orange dedicated mobile broadband subscribers – 2007 – 2010
Table 116 – Historic - Roaming traffic (voice, SMS, data) – 2007 – 2010
Table 117 – Historic - Orange Poland mobile revenue – 2008 – 2010
Table 118 – Historic - Orange Poland mobile and mobile broadband subscribers (thousand) – 2007 – 2010
Table 119 – Historic - T-Mobile subscribers – 2007 – 2010
Table 120 – Historic - T-Mobile financial data – 2005 – 2010
Table 121 – Historic - Play mobile subscribers (thousand) – 2007 – 2010
Table 122 – Historic - Change in the number of UPC Poland’s subscribers (thousand) – 2008 – 2010
Table 123 – Historic - Development of Orange Poland’s broadband ARPU/ARPO – 2008 – 2010
Table 124 – Historic - Change in the number of Netia’s broadband subscribers – 2008 – 2010
Table 125 – Historic - Satellite broadband subscribers – 2008 – 2010
Table 126 – Historic - Market share of subscribers, Orange and altnets – 2006 – 2010
Table 127 – Historic - Fixed-line call traffic – 2007 – 2010
Table 128 – Historic - Netia financial data (PLN million) – 2007 – 2010
Table 129 – Historic - Netia subscribers by type (million) – 2008 – 2010
Table 130 – Historic - Dedicated mobile broadband subscribers and penetration rate – 2004 – 2010
Table 131 – Historic - Household internet access by type – 2015 – 2016
Table 132 – Historic - Proportion of businesses with broadband – 2012 – 2016

List of Charts

Chart 1 – Europe Telecoms Maturity Index – Market Leaders
Chart 2 – Europe Telecoms Maturity Index – Market Challengers
Chart 3 – Europe Telecoms Maturity Index – Market Emergents
Chart 4 – Europe - Telecoms Maturity Index vs GDP per capita
Chart 5 – Europe – Mobile subscriber penetration vs mobile broadband penetration
Chart 6 – Scandinavia/Baltics fixed and mobile broadband penetration
Chart 7 – Northern Europe fixed and mobile broadband penetration
Chart 8 – Eastern Europe fixed and mobile broadband penetration
Chart 9 – Southern Europe fixed and mobile broadband penetration
Chart 10 – Development of telecom sector revenue by sector – 2011 – 2021
Chart 11 – Development of telecom and access revenue – 2011 – 2021
Chart 12 – Orange Poland wholesale access lines by type – 2009 – 2022
Chart 13 – Development of bitstream and LLU revenue (PLN million) – 2018 – 2021
Chart 14 – Roaming traffic (voice, SMS, data) – 2011 – 2021
Chart 15 – Mobile market revenue and annual change– 2009 – 2021
Chart 16 – Growth in the number of mobile subscribers and penetration – 2012 – 2027
Chart 17 – Change in the market share of mobile subscribers by operator – 2009 – 2021
Chart 18 – Mobile market share of revenue by operator – 2009 – 2021
Chart 19 – Mobile market voice traffic and annual change – 2011 – 2021
Chart 20 – Change in the number of prepaid to postpaid subscribers – 2015 – 2021
Chart 21 – Change in the ratio of prepaid to postpaid subscribers – 2009 – 2021
Chart 22 – Change in the market share of prepaid subscribers by operator – 2018 – 2021
Chart 23 – Change in the number of Orange Poland’s prepaid subscribers – 2009 – 2022
Chart 24 – Change in the number of T-Mobile Poland’s prepaid subscribers – 2009 – 2020
Chart 25 – Mobile data traffic – 2011 – 2021
Chart 26 – SMS messages sent and annual growth – 2011 – 2021
Chart 27 – MMS messages sent and annual growth – 2011 – 2021
Chart 28 – Mobile broadband market share of subscribers by operator – 2011 – 2021
Chart 29 – Dedicated mobile broadband subscribers and penetration rate – 2011 – 2021
Chart 30 – Growth in the number of active mobile broadband subscribers and penetration rate – 2012 – 2027
Chart 31 – Orange Poland’s mobile and mobile broadband subscribers – 2011 – 2023
Chart 32 – Orange Poland’s monthly ARPU/ARPO – 2010 – 2023
Chart 33 – Change in the number of Polkomtel’s mobile subscribers – 2009 – 2010; 2012 – 2020
Chart 34 – Change in the number of Polkomtel’s mobile subscribers (new format, million) – 2018 – 2022
Chart 35 – Change in the number of T-Mobile Poland’s mobile subscribers – 2011 – 2023
Chart 36 – Development of T-Mobile Poland’s financial data – 2011 – 2023
Chart 37 – Growth in the number of Play’s mobile subscribers – 2011 – 2020
Chart 38 – Increase in the number of Play’s mobile subscribers (under Iliad) – 2019 – 2022
Chart 39 – Development of Play’s financial data (PLN million) – 2010 – 2020
Chart 40 – Development of Play’s financial data (€ million) – 2019 – 2022
Chart 41 – Development of Play’s mobile ARPU – 2010 – 2020
Chart 42 – Netia mobile RGUs by type – 2010 – 2020
Chart 43 – Change in internet ARPU – 2014 – 2021
Chart 44 – Change in broadband market revenue by sector(PLN million) – 2012 – 2021
Chart 45 – Change in the proportion of broadband market revenue by sector – 2010 – 2019
Chart 46 – Change in the proportion of fixed broadband market revenue by sector – 2019 – 2021
Chart 47 – Change in broadband penetration by technology – 2012 – 2022
Chart 48 – Change in the market share of broadband subscribers by technology – 2013 – 2019
Chart 49 – Change in the market share of fixed broadband subscribers by technology – 2019 – 2021
Chart 50 – Change in the market share of fixed/mobile internet connections by operator – 2016 – 2019
Chart 51 – Change in the market share of fixed internet connections by operator – 2018 – 2021
Chart 52 – Change in the proportion of broadband connections by data rate – 2010 – 2021
Chart 53 – Growth in the number of fixed broadband subscribers and penetration – 2012 – 2027
Chart 54 – Change in the number of UPC Poland’s subscribers – 2011 – 2021
Chart 56 – Change in the market share of cable broadband subscribers by operator – 2010 – 2021
Chart 57 – Growth in the number of Orange Poland’s fixed broadband subscribers – 2010 – 2023
Chart 58 – Development of Orange Poland’s fixed broadband ARPU/ARPO – 2011 – 2022
Chart 59 – Change in the market share of DSL subscribers by operator – 2010 – 2021
Chart 60 – Growth in the number of fibre broadband subscribers – 2009 – 2021
Chart 61 – Change in the market share of fibre broadband subscribers by operator – 2015 – 2021
Chart 62 – Growth in the number of Orange Poland’s fibre subscribers – 2015 – 2020
Chart 63 – Market share of fixed-line subscribers by main operator – 2010 – 2021
Chart 64 – Market share of fixed-line subscribers, Orange and altnets – 2011 – 2021
Chart 65 – Market share of fixed-line accesses by technology – 2012 – 2021
Chart 66 – Orange Poland retail lines by type (thousand) – 2011 – 2023
Chart 67 – Development of Orange Poland’s financial data (PLN million) – 2009 – 2023
Chart 68 – Development of Orange Poland’s financial data by sector (PLN million) – 2017 – 2023
Chart 69 – Development of Orange Poland’s revenue by sector (€ million) – 2010 – 2023
Chart 70 – Development of Netia’s financial data – 2011 – 2020
Chart 71 – Change in the number of Netia’s subscribers by type – 2011 – 2020
Chart 72 – Development of T-Mobile Poland’s financial data (PLN) – 2018 – 2020
Chart 73 – Decline in the number of fixed lines in service and teledensity – 2012 – 2027
Chart 74 – Proportion of fixed-line revenue by type – 2011 – 2017

List of Exhibits

Exhibit 1 – Map of Telecom Maturity Index global ranking among countries in Europe
Exhibit 2 – Generalised Market Characteristics by Market Segment
Exhibit 3 – Europe – Market Leaders and market developments
Exhibit 4 – Europe – Market Challengers and market developments
Exhibit 5 – Europe – Market Emergents and market developments
Exhibit 6 – Access, the local loop and unbundling – an overview
Exhibit 7 – 2G spectrum awarded
Exhibit 8 – Reduction in the MTR – 2021 – 2024
Exhibit 9 – Spectrum assignments by operator
Exhibit 10 – Key considerations for government and regulators in relation to 5G
Exhibit 11 – Play’s spectrum concessions - 2023

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Poland Telecoms Market Report

Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband - Statistics and Analyses

Purchase this Report

Polish MNOs step up closure of 3G networks

Key developments:

Companies mentioned in this report:

Key statistics

Regional Europe Market Comparison

Country overview

Telecommunications market

Regulatory environment

Mobile market

Fixed-line broadband market

Fixed network operators

Telecommunications infrastructure

Appendix – Historic data

Glossary of abbreviations

Related reports

Purchase this Report

Share this Report

TMT Intelligence

A platform to scale your intelligence tasks

Research Methodology

Hot Topics

News & Views