Report Results

Documents matching: Global, Internet, Technical Reports

1 to 25 of 42

« Prev | 1 2 | Next »

• Technology - Audio-Visual Coding 1 - MPEG 1 and MP3

  We discuss MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 audio compression (coding) and major non-MPEG audio coding systems including Real Audio, Windows Media and Vorbis. A detailed explanation of the internal mechanism of MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer III) compression serves as a basis for understanding MP3pro and all other perceptual audio codecs, including Advanced Audio Coding (AAC).

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 14 February 2006
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 14

• Technology - Audio-Visual Coding 2 - MPEG 2 AAC and Video

  We discuss Advanced Audio Coding and how it improves on MP3. We explain enhancements to both AAC including Spectral Band Replication, Parametric Stereo and Scalable Lossless Coding. We discuss HILN parametric audio coding and voice compression algorithms including CELP. We also explain the process of MPEG-2 video compression, which is the basis of almost all digital television systems.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 14 February 2006
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 14

• Technology - Audio-Visual Coding 3 - MPEG 4 Video and VRML

  We explain how Advanced Video Coding (AVC/H.264) improves on MPEG-2 video compression. The MPEG-4 standards are of unprecedented scope, including animation, synthetic sound and video, VRML interactivity and Java. We introduce these technologies and discuss how they can be used together to provide services and communication systems far beyond the modes we are familiar with today. We also discuss the MPEG-7 metadata and MPEG-21 digital rights management standards.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 14 February 2006
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 12

• Technology - Internet 1 - Overview

  TCP/IP is the only networking protocol which scales from LANs to a global network. We examine the Internet’s contemporary and future impact, its mobile applications, discovery and purchase of music, video and text, Quality of Service and the continuing drive for a single network capable of carrying all types of traffic. We also discuss the crisis in routing and addressing, and the problems caused by ‘botnets’ - millions of compromised computers - being used for criminal purposes.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Wednesday, 4 April 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 20

• Technology - Internet 2 - TCP, UDP & SCTP

  We explain TCP/IP’s UDP send and forget ‘datagram’ packets and TCP error-corrected two-way ‘pipes’, each with their 65,536 ports per IP address. We discuss how the 4 billion IPv4 address range is divided into subnets for LANs and other purposes. We also explain Network Address Translation (NAT), the new SCTP protocol and the adoption of IPv6 together with the current IP version 4.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Wednesday, 14 May 2008
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 19

• Technology - Internet 3 - Web browsing, Routing & IPv6

  We explain the functions of the TCP and HTTP protocols by way of a web-browsing example. TCP is the basis of most higher level protocols, including FTP, SMTP (email) etc. We also discuss the routing system with a traceroute example. We discuss the adoption of IPv6, dual stack networks and benefits including the potential for Mobile IP and avoidance of Network Address Translation (NAT).

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 16 January 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 14

• Technology - Internet 4 - The Domain Name System

  DNS converts from text names to numeric IP addresses, giving the Internet tremendous flexibility and robustness. The operation of primary, secondary and caching name servers is explained. Generic and country code top level domains are discussed. We provide a tutorial on registering a domain, choosing a hosting company and delegating the domain to the hosting company. Reverse address lookups from IP address to text names are explained.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 16 January 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 12

• Technology - Internet 5 - Email

  Email has become the single most important application on the Internet. We examine the operation of mail servers, SMTP, POP3 and IMAP protocols. Email is an inherently insecure system which is threatened by spam and malicious messages which intend to compromise security. We examine cryptographic techniques and several approaches to mail filtering and spam reduction.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 16 January 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 16

• Technology - Internet 6 - Applications and Protocols

  We discuss Telnet and FTP and their secure, encrypted replacements SSH, SCP and SFTP. We then discuss Usenet’s NTTP Network News Protocol, Internet Relay Chat (IRC) and commercial Instant Messenger systems. We describe and compare file and printer networking protocols NFS (Network File System) and the Microsoft-compatible SMB. Finally, we discuss peer-to-peer file sharing and anonymity networks, including Bittorrent and Tor.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 16 January 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 13

• Technology - IP Routing & Addressing Crisis 1 - User Requirements

  We present an overview of the conflicts between different aspects of the Internet’s routing and addressing systems, including between the need for multihoming, route aggregation and efficient address utilisation. We discuss the exhaustion of IPv4 address space, the needs of end-users and of ISPs, constraints on possible solutions and the limitations of the BGP routing system, which lie at the heart of the crisis in routing and addressing.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Wednesday, 12 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 13

• Technology - IP Routing & Addressing Crisis 2 - Forwarding Information Base

  We discuss the three major Forwarding Information Base (FIB) techniques by which a router can classify incoming packets to decide which of its interfaces to forward the packet on: Ternary Content-Addressable Memory (TCAM), Tree-Bitmap and similar algorithms and direct memory lookup. The FIB and RIB tasks of routers are the fundamental determinants of Internet routing system scalability.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Wednesday, 12 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 15

• Technology - IP Routing & Addressing Crisis 3 - RIB & BGP

  We discuss the BGP routing protocol and the Routing Information Base in which each router maintains large amounts of information relating to how best to forward packets. This is the aspect of routers and of the whole BGP system which is the most important limiting factor in the scalability of the current architecture. We also discuss stability problems such as ‘path hunting’ which add to the burden of all BGP routers.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Wednesday, 12 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 14

• Technology - IP Routing & Addressing Crisis 4 - Goals and BGP Solutions

  We summarise the interrelated problems of routing and addressing and discuss the draft goals of the Internet Research Task Force’s Routing Research Group. We discuss other working groups and organisations who are working towards a new routing and addressing architecture. We also discuss the major proposals for improving the BGP protocol and the performance of the BGP routing system.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Wednesday, 12 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 15

• Technology - IP Routing & Addressing Crisis 5 - LISP - Locator-ID-Separation

  We discuss and compare three proposals for a new routing and addressing architecture to provide multihoming, traffic engineering and portability for end-user networks without directly involving the BGP routing system: LISP-NERD, LISP-CONS and LISP-ALT. The Locator Identifier Separation Protocol is the best known of the ITR-ETR proposals, also known as ‘map and encapsulate’ systems.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Wednesday, 12 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 12

• Technology - IP Routing & Addressing Crisis 6 - APT & Ivip

  We discuss and compare APT (A Practical Transit mapping service) and Ivip (Internet Vastly Improved Plumbing) which together with LISP are the major proposals for a new routing and addressing architecture to provide multihoming, traffic engineering and portability for end-user networks without directly involving the BGP routing system.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 18 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 12

• Technology - IP Techniques 1 - IPv4 & Packet Classification

  This report discusses the 32 bit addressing system of the IPv4 Internet, including private address spaces, Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), utilisation of IPv4 address space and the projected end of fresh space around 2011. We also discuss the two primary techniques used in router Forwarding Information Bases (FIBs) for classifying packets: TCAM (Ternary Content Addressable Memory) and ASIC-based memory lookup algorithms, such as Tree-Bitmap.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 18 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 15

• Technology - IP Techniques 2 - Network Address Translation

  Network Address Translation (NAT) firewalls are ubiquitous in residential and most commercial Internet connections, but are necessary due to the shortage of IPv4 address space. This report discusses the operation of NAT firewalls, the problems they create by preventing any-to-any connectivity, and NAT traversal techniques including STUN, (Simple Traversal of UDP over NAT), TURN (Traversal Using Relay NAT) and ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment).

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 18 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 11

• Technology - IP Techniques 3 - OPSF, IS-IS & BGP Routing Protocols

  The two internal routing protocols OPSF and IS-IS and the Border Gateway Protocol which is used for routing packets between the tens of thousands of Autonomous Systems which comprise the Internet are discussed in this report. Also discussed are transit routers, multihoming, the Default Free Zone (the border and transit routers which make up the core of the Internet) and the rapid growth of the ‘BGP global routing table’.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 18 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 12

• Technology - IP Techniques 4 - IPsec Security

  Synopsis

  IP Security (IPsec) is IPv4’s and IPv6’s built-in cryptographic system, for authentication and encryption of each packet’s contents. We discuss IPsec’s header structure, tunnelling to create Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), key-pair generation, hash algorithms, Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC) and modes of operation, including AH (Authentication Only), ESP (Encapsulating Security Header) and Tunnel Mode.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 18 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 13

• Technology - IP Techniques 5 - MPLS Architecture

  Synopsis

  Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is the widely used IETF protocol for efficient forwarding of IP packets, including with QoS (Quality of Service). This report discusses the basic principles of MPLS, including the structure of MPLS headers, Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC), transit router operation, ingress and egress processing, Traffic Engineering, Penultimate Hop Popping and stacked MPLS labels.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 18 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 11

• Technology - IP Techniques 6 - MPLS RSVP-TE, Pseudowires, VPNs & NGNs

  In this report we discuss RSVP-TE – the most important method of establishing the Multiprotocol Label Switched Path – and the MPLS techniques fast rerouting, pseudo-wires and Layer 2 VPNs. We also discuss the various approaches to Next Generation Networks, including the ambitious ITU and ETSI TISPAN standardisation efforts and Cisco’s practical techniques, which focus on multicast and upstream ‘Video 2.0’ delivery.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 22 July 2008
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 11

• Technology - IP Techniques 7 - Quality of Service

  Quality of Service (QoS) is the ability to reserve capacity on a network so it will deliver a specified rate of packets within guaranteed delay, jitter and packet loss constraints. QoS is vital for video, VoIP and many other applications. This report discusses QoS techniques including explicit congestion notification, IntServ and DiffServ for IPv4, IPv6 and MPLS streams and the use of the EXP bits in the MPLS header.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 18 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 14

• Technology - IP Techniques 8 - VoIP Applications, ENUM & Addressing

  This report discusses disparate VoIP application fields including residential and SOHO, Wireless and Mobile, WiFi, PABX and Centrex replacement, and use in carrier backbone networks. Also examined is the traditional E.164 telephone numbering system, VoIP’s more flexible numbering (addressing) approaches and methods of mapping E.164 to VoIP addresses, including ENUM, DUNDi and E164.org. Major VoIP server systems including Asterisk, SER, SipX and YATE are also discussed.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 18 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 13

• Technology - IP Techniques 9 - VoIP Protocols

  The major open standards and proprietary protocols used for VoIP signalling and carriage of audio sessions are discussed in this report. These include RTP (Real Time Protocol), RTCP (Real Time Control Protocol), SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), Session Description Protocol (SDP), H.323, the Asterisk IAX2 protocol, XMPP, Jabber, Jingle and Skype. The report also discusses SIP and H.323 servers and NAT traversal techniques.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Tuesday, 18 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 9

• Technology - IPv6 1 - Addressing

  This report introduces IPv6’s most important feature, the 128 bit address system which vastly expands upon the 32 bit system of today’s IPv4-based Internet. The public global unicast addresses, private address ranges, multicast addressing and the details of how users will typically be allocated a ‘/48’ prefix, enabling them to create 65,536 LANs, each with an effectively unlimited number of computers is also discussed.

  More Details

  Single user PDF licence: US$95.00 ex GST

  Single-User PDF Licence 10-User PDF Licence 20-User PDF Licence Intranet PDF Licence Licence Information
  

  Last Updated: Wednesday, 19 December 2007
  Archived: No
  Number of Pages: 15

« Prev | 1 2 | Next »