Technology - Infrastructure - Long Distance 3 - SDH SONET OTN RPR GMPLS

Synopsis

SDH/SONET and now OTN are the primary technologies for long-distance fibre links. This report also discusses digital cross-connects, Resilient Packet Rings, all-optical switching and Generalised Multiprotocol Label Switching, which enable the creation of large, flexible, WDM-based optical mesh networks.

Table of Contents

• 1. Synopsis
• 2. SDH / SONET fibre optic links
  • 2.1 Historical background
  • 2.2 Development
  • 2.3 PDH
  • 2.4 Infrared lasers
  • 2.5 Fibre links
  • 2.6 Link management
  • 2.7 SDH rings
  • 2.8 SDH benefits
• 3. SDH / SONET data rates
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 DSO
  • 3.3 Circuit switched foundation
  • 3.4 Circuit versus packet switched
  • 3.5 Common data rates
• 4. Enhancements to SDH / SONET
  • 4.1 Improved electronics
    • 4.1.1 Multiple streams of packet data
    • 4.1.2 ATM and TCP/IP
    • 4.1.3 Virtual concatenation
    • 4.1.4 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)
    • 4.1.5 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
    • 4.1.6 SDH equipment interfacing to other protocols
  • 4.2 Digital Cross Connect
  • 4.3 SDH interfaces on routers and switches
  • 4.4 Single datastreams per fibre or wavelength without SDH
  • 4.5 Redundancy without SDH
• 5. Resilient Packet Ring (RPR)
  • 5.1 Packet rings for MAN
  • 5.2 Similar structure to SDH rings
    • 5.2.1 Data in both directions at once
    • 5.2.2 Spatial reuse - drop the packet at the receiver
    • 5.2.3 CIR and other QoS provisions
    • 5.2.4 Bandwidth management
    • 5.2.5 Redundancy - two protection mechanisms
    • 5.2.6 Auto-discovery and management
    • 5.2.7 Physical media
• 6. Optical switching and GMPLS
  • 6.1 Dynamic optical wavelength conversion
    • 6.1.1 Heterodyning
    • 6.1.2 Coherent wave mixing
    • 6.1.3 Optical gating
  • 6.2 Optical cross-connects
    • 6.2.1 GMPLS
  • 6.3 Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexers (ROADMs)
    • 6.3.1 Optical ADMs
    • 6.3.2 Ideal ROADM functionality
    • 6.3.3 Practical ROADMs
    • 6.3.4 Coloured and colourless inputs and outputs
• 7. Optical Transport Network (OTN)
• 8. Related reports

• Table 1 – Virtual Concatenation Base Container Approximate Bandwidths

• Exhibit 1 – SDH and SONET Data Rates