Synopsis
The early movers in telecoms liberalisation are now entering the next stage, which involves the structural separation of their incumbent operator. Infrastructure is, to a large extent, a natural monopoly and needs to be treated with care in any liberalisation process. Wholesale competition has been successfully obstructed by the incumbents. We now have plenty of information to assist us to fine-tune liberalisation processes, which need to be conducted on a country-by-country basis. A national infrastructure vision and national strategies are prerequisites for any further liberalisation processes.